HONORS- Test will be on Tuesday, November 19th
1. Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting (such as filing). This interchangeability allows easy assembly of new devices, and easier repair of existing devices, while minimizing both the time and skill required of the person doing the assembly or repair.
2. Industrial Revolution-
3. Lowell System- Factory system created by Francis Cabot Lowell that employed young single women while teaching them morality and gender social boundaries.
4.
monopoly [executive legal control of a
commercial activity]
5.
cotton gin-
6.
the Tariff of 1816 – the first tariff in
American history instituted primarily for protection, not revenue
7.
“An Era of Good Feelings” a phrase
used to describe the administrations of Monroe
8.
Panic of 1819- a paralyzing economic panic
descended in America turning the “Era into Good Feeling” into something of a
joke
Brought about deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures,
unemployment, soup kitchens and overcrowded pesthouses known as debtor’s prison
9.
Tallmadge Amendment- No more slaves shall
be brought to Missouri & provided for the eventual emancipation born to
slave parents already there
10. Peculiar Institution- widely used term
for the institution of Slavery in the south- used in the 1st half of
the 19th century reflecting the division with the North.
11. Missouri Compromise-
12. McCulloch
v. Maryland- [1819] Supreme Court case that strengthened federal
authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by
establishing that the State of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank
13. Cohens v. Virginia- [1821] reinforced
federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review
decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the
federal government.
14. Gibbons v. Ogden- [1824] Suit
over whether NY could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate
waters. Ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate
interstate commerce
15. Fletcher
v. Peck [1810] – established firmer protection for private property and
asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict
with the federal Constitution
16. Dartmouth College v. Woodward [1819]-
Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University’s original charter
against changes proposed by the NH state legislature, thereby protecting
corporations from domination by state governments
17. Anglo-American
Convention 1818 [signed by Britain and the U.S., pact allowed New England
fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, est. the n. border of Louisiana
territory & provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for 10
years.
18. Adams-OnÍs Treaty- under the agreement, Spain
ceded Florida to the U.S. [& claims to Oregon] which, in exchange,
abandoned its claims to Texas
19. Monroe Doctrine [12/2/1823] statement
delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from
seeking any new territories in the Americas. The U.S. largely lacked the power
to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who
sought unfettered access to Latin American markets.
20. Russo-American Treaty [1824]- fixed the
line 0f 54°40’ as the new southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North
America- the present southern tip of Alaska
21. The American System-
22. Corrupt Bargain [1824]- Alleged deal
between presidential candidates John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to throw the
election, to be decided by the House of Representatives, in Adams’ favor.
Though never proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for supporters of
Andrew Jackson, who had actually garnered a plurality of the popular vote in
1824.
23. Spoils System- policy of rewarding
political supporters with public office, 1st widely employed at the
federal level by Andrew Jackson. The practice was widely abused by unscrupulous
office seekers, but it also helped cement party loyalty in the emerging 2-party
political system
24. Tariff of Abominations- noteworthy for its
unprecedentedly high duties on imports. Southerners vehemently opposed the
Tariff, arguing that it hurt Southern farmers, who did not enjoy the protection
of tariffs, but were forced to pay higher prices for manufactures
25. Nullification
Crisis- [1832-1833] Showdown between Andrew Jackson and SC legislature, which
declared the 1832 Tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if
the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise
negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833
26. Compromise
Tariff of 1833- passed as a measure to resolve the nullification crisis, it
provided that tariffs be lowered gradually, over a period of 10 years to 1816
levels
27. Force Bill- [1833] Passed by Congress
alongside Compromise Tariff, it authorized the president to use the military to
collect federal tariff duties
28. Black Hawk War [1832] Series of clashes in
Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Haw of
the Sauk and Fox tribes, who unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost
under the 1830 Removal Act
29. Treaty of Dancing Rabbit [1831] gave more
than 7.5 million acres of Choctaw land to Mississippi
30. Indian Removal Act- [1830] Ordered the
removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly
established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri. Tribes resisting
eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal
or military battles.
31.
Worcester v. Virgina-
32.
The
Trail of Tears- [1838-1839] Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their
Georgia and Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the
arduous journey.
33.
the
Bank War [1832]- Battle between President Andrew Jackson and Congressional
supporters of the Bank of the United States over the bank’s renewal in 1832.
Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill, arguing that the bank favored moneyed interests
at the expense of western farmers.
34.
Anti-Masonic
Party- [est. 1826] 1st
founded in NY, gained considerable influence in NE and the mid-Atlantic during
the 1832 election, campaigning against the politically influentially Masonic
order, a secret society. Anti-Masons opposed Andrew Jackson, a Mason, and drew
much of their support from evangelical Protestants.
35.
Pet
Banks- popular term for
pro-Jackson state banks that received the bulk of federal deposits when Andrew
Jackson moved to dismantle the Bank of the United States in 1833.
36.
Specie
Circular- [1836] U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be
purchased with “hard” or metallic, currency. Issued after small state banks
flooded the market with unreliable paper currency, fueling land speculation in
the West
37.
Panic
of 1837- Economic crisis
triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, and Andrew Jackson’s efforts
to curb overspeculation on western lands and transportation improvements. In
response, President Martin Van Buren proposed the “Divorce Bill”, which pulled
treasury funds out of the banking system altogether, contracting the credit
supply.
38.
Subsidies-
a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist an enterprise
deemed advantageous to the public
Test Review: Things to Know
Andrew Jackson- Life before presidency, elections of 1824, 1828, 1832, presidency, role in Indian Affairs, Nullification Crisis, Bank War
Major inventions during this period, and inventors [i.e. Eli Whitney, Samuel Slater, Lowell etc.]
Nullification Crisis- reasons why, aftermath
Politicians elected to presidency after campaigning as the candidate of "the common man"
Jacksonian Democracy
Change in voter restrictions during elections; and which election did it change
The "Trail of Tears"
The Monroe Doctrine- why it was created, policies., who backed it up, why...
Andrew Jackson's view of the presidency
Spoils system
The disappearance of slavery in the North
Worcester v. Georgia [1832]
The Bank Crisis
The Panic of 1837- reasons why
Everything on the Missouri Compromise: coordinates, arguments, architects of the compromise, origins
Tallmadge Amendment
Free Response Questions:
1. Write your definition of great
president. Use this definition to argue that Andrew Jackson was or was not a great president.
2. Summarize
the impact of the industrial revolution on American labor, on the rich and the
poor, and on families and home life.
